Aperture
-names given to the opening lens that controls the amount of light that enters the camera.
- the size is measured in f stops.
Fstops
- are fractions of whole numbers
- therefore the larger the number eg f22 = 1/22nd, the smaller the amount of light let in : f 2.8 would let a lot of light in.
- fstops are halved and doubled in size as the get larger/ smaller
- 1.8, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22
Shutter Speed
- amount of light let through the shutter based on how long its left open for
- exposes image/sensor
-measured in fractions of a second
- B (as long as you hold the shutter down), 1. 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/5, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, all the way up to 1/8000th
- shutter speed affects the way objects are viewed
-long shutter speeds are used for movement eg water fall, creates a blur that shows movement
- short shutter speeds freeze the image and show no move ment eg sports
ISO/ASA and Film
- International/ American Standard Association
- sensitivity to light rating for film/ sensor
- lower iso = more light necessary to expose the film
- higher iso = less light necessary to expose the film
- iso - known as the film speed
- higher the film speed ( films that need less light) the more grainy the images are
- grain really only affects film, digital cameras can capture a picture with a high film speed and have little noise
- 25/50, extreme light, fine grain, studio,flash (slow speed film)
- 100/200, high light, fine grain, sunny outside
- 400/800, mod light, overcast cloudy, mod grain, (mod film speed)
- 1600, 3200, 6400, low light/ no light, very grainy, sport (needs high shutter speed therefore, frozen image), inside, night.
- Film with CN means that it is a colour film and cant be used at UniSA's dark room and in their chemistry
- Film has to stay at one single ISO however digital cameras can change - varying light conditions
- match light conditions to film
Exposure
- total light that falls on a film/ sensor
- balance between, ISO, aperture, and shutter speed
- can have same exposure with different combinations eg, f2.8 at 50th = to f22 at 4th
- 6 stops between each change - change fstops then must change the shutter speed to create an accurate exposure
Depth of Field
- alters the visual effect of the image - focus
- distance between the closest object in focus and the farthest
- blur in background - short depth of field
- all in focus - long depth of field
- half in focus - mod depth of field
-Aperture controls depth of field - large aperture shorter depth of field - f2.8
- smaller aperture larger depth of field - f22
- depth of field can be moved eg darts image
Lens and Focal Length
- 13-35mm, Wide Angle, Distorts eg ( ) bows image, Used for: Landscape, Ariel, Architecture
- 50-55mm, Normal, what the eye sees, Used for: General
- 90- 300mm, Telephoto, Distorts eg ) ( compresses, Used for: Portrait (70-135mm), sport,geographic, fashion
Camera Shake
- emphasized by longer focal length lenses
- hand holding dont let your shutter speed drop below your lens length
- tripod, shutter cable, brace against something
** when using flash use at 1/60th of a second or slower
Cameras
- Small Format 35mm, Medium Format 6x6, Large Format 8x10 in (tilts and shifts)
- Modes, P - Auto, Program Mode, Tv/Sv - Shutter Priority, Av - Aperture Priority, M - Manual, PH- Fastest Shutter Speed. Priority- you control.
Here are some of my photos I've taken with an SLR this week:
